What does the suffix "-osis" refer to?

The suffix "-osis" is commonly used in medical terminology to denote an abnormal condition, particularly relating to a disease or pathological state. It indicates a change in the state or condition of cells, tissues, or organs, often suggesting a disease process or an increase of something that may not be normal. For instance, "neurosis" refers to a functional disorder of the mind that is not a serious mental illness, while "osmosis" denotes the movement of water across a membrane, highlighting a condition whereby there is a difference in concentration. This correlates with the significance of recognizing "-"osis" in various medical contexts that signal an irregularity or departure from homeostasis.

The other options highlight conditions such as normal, deficient, and preventative states, which do not align with the specific meaning conveyed by "-osis." Thus, the distinction is crucial in understanding medical terminology and accurately diagnosing or discussing various health conditions.