Which term describes an infection affecting one or more organs in the urinary tract?

The term that describes an infection affecting one or more organs in the urinary tract is "urinary tract infection." This condition occurs when bacteria enter the urinary system, often affecting the bladder and urethra but potentially involving the kidneys as well. Urinary tract infections can lead to symptoms such as painful urination, frequent urge to urinate, and in more severe cases, fever and back pain if the kidneys are involved.

In contrast, "renal calculi" refers to kidney stones, which are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys and do not specifically pertain to infections. "Surgical repair" is a general term that might relate to various procedures but does not describe an infection at all. "Dialysis treatment" is a medical procedure used to filter waste from the blood when the kidneys cannot perform this function themselves, and is also unrelated to infections in the urinary tract.