Which term refers to the organ responsible for filtering blood and producing urine?

The term that refers to the organ responsible for filtering blood and producing urine is "kidney." The kidneys perform essential functions in the urinary system, including removing waste products and excess substances from the bloodstream. They filter approximately 50 gallons of blood each day, extracting toxins, urea, and other metabolic waste. The filtration process occurs in tiny structures called nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidney.

After filtering the blood, the kidneys produce urine, which is then transported to the bladder via the ureters for temporary storage before being expelled from the body through the urethra. Understanding the role of the kidneys is fundamental in human anatomy and physiology, as they are crucial for maintaining fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and overall homeostasis.